The currency of War

Citizens are increasingly watched when they move their own money. In Europe, withdrawing or transferring more than € 10.000 triggers reporting requirements and scrutiny under anti money laundering rules.

Yet when governments pursue geopolitical strategy, the scale is entirely different . After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, western countries froze roughly $ 300 billion of Russian Central Bank reserves, and several Russian banks were removed from the SWIFT .

Despite these measures, major global banks like JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank continued permitted transactions for energy and debt obligations .

What is the rational in your view

By Giovanna Cipriani